ARITHMETIC

by vinuthna

NUMBERS:

Numeration and Notation:

The method of expressing a number in words is called NUMERATION.and that of representing a number in figures is called NOTATION.

There are two types of number systems-1)HINDU-ARABIC SYSTEM and

2)ROMAN SYSTEM

HINDU-ARABIC SYSEM:

Ten symbols are used-0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and 9.These are called as the digits.Under this system we use the place value system with base 10.

ten crores-10^8.
crores-10^7.
tenlakhs-10^6.
lakhs-10^5
ten thousands-10^4
thousands-10^3
hundreds-10^2
tens-10
units-1

for eg:

246079153=(2*10^8)(4*10^7)(6*10^6)(0*10^5)(7*10^4)(9*10^3)(1*10^2)(5*10)(3*1);

ROMAN SYSTEM:

SYMBOLS:

I-1
V-5
X-10
L-50
C-100
D-500
M-1000

NOTE:

A smaller number placed to the right of the larger number indicates addition Eg;;IV=5-1=4;
if it is placed to the left it indicates subtraction eg:XI=10+1=11
A bar on any symbol represents for thousand times the number…eg:vbar=5000

96=100-10+6=XCVI

5081=5000+50+10+10+10+1=VbarLXXXI

LXVI=50+10+5+1=66

CCXVII=100+100+10+5+1+1=217

CDVI=(500-100)+5+1=406

CMIX=1000-100+10-1=909

MMCCXLI=1000+1000+100+100+50-10+1=2241

LbarCDLIX=(50*1000)500-10050+10=50459

Eg:

77=50+10+10+7=LXXVII

48301=48000+300+1=XLVIIIbarCCCI